Kosovo 2
Kosovo 2Kosovo's Geography and Conflict
Kosovo region is located in the middle of hostile and friendly countries. Kosovo borders Serbia in the north and northeast, Montenegro in the northwest, Albania in the west and Macedonian in the south. It covers a total of 10,887 squared kilometers and its population is around two million, 90 percent of which are ethnic Albanian.
The hostility in Kosovo is mainly due to the surroundings of their regions and the many ethnic backgrounds. In past decades, Yugoslavia was the main region in which geography played a major role for the conflict in Kosovo. Yugoslavia lies on the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe. 63 percent of Yugoslavia are Serbs and 14 percent are Albanians. This dramatic difference between different ethnic identities and tight regions causes major complications and conflict in Kosovo. Furthermore, the past histories of these regions are another indicator on how geography plays a vital role in the Kosovo conflict.
In 1945 Socialist Yugoslavia was declared. The communists were able to deal with national aspirations by creating a federation of six nominally equal republics- Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Macedonian, In Serbia the two provinces of Kosovo and Vojvodina were given autonomous status.
By 1992 the Yugoslavian Federation was falling apart. Nationalism had once
again replaced communism as the dominant force in the Balkans. Slovenia and then Croatia were the first to break away, but only at the cost of renewed conflict with Serbia. The war in Croatia led to hundreds of thousands of refugees in the 1940's. By 1992, a further conflict had broken out in Bosnia, which had also declared independence. Since the revocation of Kosovo's self-rule the Serbian authorities closed schools in the Albanian language, massively dismissed Albanians from state-owned enterprises, and suspended Kosovo's legal parliament and government. The oppression of the Albanian population in Kosovo by the Serbian Government, and flagrant violations of basic rights of Albanians, occurred frequently.
Initially the Albanians responded to the repression with peaceful and passive resistance. In 1992, the Albanians of Kosovo held free elections in which they chose their leadership expressed their determination for the independence of Kosovo in the 1991 referendum, and in the same year the Kosovo parliament declared the independence of Kosovo. They formed a...
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